Long COVID, sometimes also called long-haul COVID, chronic COVID, and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is a complex and variable chronic condition that can persist long after the acute phase of COVID-19 infection. Symptoms range from mild to debilitating and often fluctuate over time. These symptoms can affect anyone who has had COVID-19, even if their initial infection was mild or did not cause symptoms. The best way to reduce the risk of developing long COVID is by getting vaccinated against COVID-19. Evidence shows that people who are fully vaccinated are less likely to experience severe COVID-19 illness, which in turn can decrease their likelihood of developing long COVID.
Family physicians are essential in providing care for patients experiencing long COVID, offering support, coordination, and access to resources that address this complex condition. In his Long COVID: The Next Fight in an Ongoing Battle blog, Sterling Ransone, M.D., writes about his own experiences treating patients with long COVID and shares Academy resources members can use.
Long COVID encompasses a variety of symptoms that may affect multiple organ systems, ranging in severity and duration. Symptoms often fluctuate over time and can significantly impact daily functioning. Common symptoms include:
For a full list of potential symptoms and updates, refer to the CDC’s Long COVID resources.
Documentation of a positive COVID-19 test is not required to diagnose long COVID.
The CDC offers clinical guidance for evaluating and managing patients with long COVID. This guidance includes:
As understanding of long COVID evolves, this guidance will continue to be updated. Family physicians are encouraged to stay informed through evidence-based resources and ongoing professional development opportunities.
Under guidance from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), long COVID may qualify as a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This designation ensures that patients experiencing significant limitations due to long COVID are eligible for workplace or school accommodations. For more information, visit HHS’s long COVID disability resources.