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More than 1,000 symptom-free men need to be screened for prostate cancer to save one additional life. As a result, increased harms and medical costs due to widespread screening of asymptomatic men are believed to outweigh the benefits of routine screening. There is a high likelihood of having a false-positive result, leading to worry, decreased quality of life, and unnecessary biopsies when many of these elevated PSAs are caused by enlarged prostates and infection instead of cancer. This recommendation pertains to the routine screening of most men. In rare circumstances, such as a strong family history of prostate and related cancers, screening may be appropriate.