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Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the standard of care for testing adults and has largely replaced culture. Vaginal swabs are the preferred single specimen for screening and diagnosis of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae by NAAT, providing 5% to greater than 10% increased sensitivity compared to urine for women; testing multiple specimens (i.e., vaginal, endocervical, urine) can further increase sensitivity. First-void urine can be considered as a noninvasive alternative when vaginal collections are not possible because of the setting, test, collection device shortages, or very strong patient preference.