1. In hypovolemic children, boluses of isotonic fluid (15 to 30 mL per kg) should be given over 20 minutes.

2. Fluid boluses should be repeated every 20 minutes until hypovolemia is corrected and urine output established.

3. Isotonic fluid (normal saline or Ringer's lactate) is usually the correct initial fluid.

4. After correction of hypovolemia, further intravenous therapy proceeds at a slower pace.

5. Replacement of fluid in 24 hours = deficit + maintenance + ongoing losses.

6. Deficit fluid = (percentage of dehydration) × (body weight in g) = mL of fluid needed.

7. Twenty-four hour maintenance fluid equals 100 mL per kg for the first 10 kg, 50 mL per kg for the next 10 kg, and 25 mL per kg for every kg over 20 kg. (Sodium = 3 to 5 mEq per kg per day; potassium = 2 to 4 mEq per kg per day.)