Erb-Duchenne palsy

Incidence: most common brachial nerve injury involving spinal nerve roots C5–7

Clinical features: arm adducted and internally rotated, with elbow extension, pronation of arm, flexion of wrist, and intact grasp reflex; “waiter's tip” position if spinal nerve root C7 is involved

Klumpke's palsy

Incidence: rare (<1% of brachial plexus injuries); involves spinal nerve roots C8-T1

Clinical features: hand paralyzed, with no voluntary movements of wrist and an absence of grasp reflex

Paralysis of entire arm

Incidence: more common than Klumpke's paralysis

Clinical features: entire arm paralyzed and flaccid, with absence of all reflexes