| Analgesics, arthritis | B | Acetaminophen; ibuprofen (Motrin), first, second†; naproxen (Naprosyn), first, second†; diclofenac (Voltaren), first, second† |
| C | Tramadol (Ultram); narcotic agonists; celecoxib (Celebrex), first, second†; etodolac (Lodine), first, second†; ketorolac (Toradol), first, second†; rofecoxib (Vioxx), first, second†; sumatriptan (Imitrex) |
| D | All nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, third;† methotrexate (Rheumatrex). |
| X | Ergotamines (Ergostat), diclofenac/misoprostol (Arthrotec) |
| Anti-anxiety, sleep | B | Buspirone (BuSpar), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), zolpidem (Ambien) |
| C | Hydroxyzine (Atarax) |
| D | Most benzodiazepines |
| X | Flurazepam (Dalmane), temazepam (Restoril) |
| Antibiotics | B | Azithromycin (Zithromax); cephalosporins; clindamycin (Cleocin); erythromycin; metronidazole (Flagyl); nitrofurantoin (Furadantin); penicillins; sulfonamides, first, second† |
| C | Clarithromycin (Biaxin), quinolones, trimethoprim (Proloprim), vancomycin (Vancocin) |
| D | Sulfonamides, third†; tetracyclines |
| Anticoagulants | C | Heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin (Lovenox) |
| X | Warfarin (Coumadin) |
| Anticonvulsants | C | Ethosuximide (Zarontin), gabapentin (Neurontin), lamotrigine (Lamictal) |
| D | Carbamazepine (Tegretol), clonazepam (Klonopin), phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin), primidone (Mysoline), valproic acid (Depakene) |
| Antidepressants | B | Bupropion (Wellbutrin) |
| C | Desipramine (Norpramin), doxepin (Sinequan), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), SSRIs, trazodone (Desyrel), venlafaxine (Effexor) |
| D | Amitriptyline (Elavil), imipramine (Tofranil), nortriptyline (Pamelor) |
| Antifungals | B | Nystatin (Mycostatin), terbinafine (Lamisil) |
| C | Fluconazole (Diflucan), second, third†; griseofulvin (Grisactin); itraconazole (Sporanox), second, third†; ketoconazole (Nizoral), second, third† |
| D | Fluconazole, first†; itraconazole, first†; ketoconazole, first† |
| Antihypertensives | B | Guanfacine (Tenex) |
| C | Beta blockers, first†; calcium channel blockers; clonidine (Catapres); furosemide (Lasix); labetalol (Normodyne), first†; methyldopa (Aldomet); hydralazine (Apresoline) |
| D | ACE inhibitors; angiotensin II receptor antagonists; beta blockers, second, third†; labetalol, second, third†; thiazide diuretics |
| Antiviral | B | Acyclovir (Zovirax), famciclovir (Famvir), valacyclovir (Valtrex), zanamivir (Relenza) |
| C | Amantadine (Symmetrel), rimantadine (Flumadine), zidovudine (Retrovir), oseltamivir (Tamiflu) |
| Asthma/allergies | B | Cetirizine (Zyrtec), clemastine (Tavist), cromolyn (Intal), ipratropium (Atrovent), loratadine (Claritin), montelukast (Singulair), zafirlukast (Accolate) |
| C | Albuterol (Ventolin); brompheniramine (Dimetane Dc); epinephrine (Epipen); fexofenadine (Allegra); guaifenesin (Humibid L.A.); prednisone; pseudoephedrine (Novafed), second, third†; theophylline; inhaled steroids |
| Diabetic agents | B | Acarbose (Precose), metformin (Glucophage), insulin (drug of choice) |
| C | Glyburide (Micronase), glipizide (Glucotrol), pioglitazone (Actos), repaglinide (Prandin), rosiglitazone (Avandia) |
| GI medications | B | Dicyclomine (Bentyl), dimenhydrinate (Dramamine Injection), H2 blockers, lansoprazole (Prevacid), metoclopramide (Reglan), sucralfate (Carafate) |
| C | Hyoscyamine (Levsin), omeprazole (Prilosec), prochlorperazine (Compazine), promethazine (Phenergan), trimethobenzamide (Tigan) |
| D | Bismuth subsalicylate |
| X | Misoprostol (Cytotec) |
| Miscellaneous | C | Disulfiram (Antabuse) |
| D | Lithium, nicotine patches (Nicoderm), nasal spray, and inhaler |
| X | Nicotine gum, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, isotretinoin (Accutane), megadose vitamin A, oral contraceptives |