| Meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) and sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam); cure rate 94 percent; eliminated by kidneys |
| Dosage: 20 mg per kg per day for 20 days |
| Stibogluconate supplied as 100 mg Sb per mL light-sensitive solution |
| Calculated dose (12 to 20 mL for adults) is diluted in 50 mL of 5 percent dextrose in distilled water, infused intravenously over 10 to 15 minutes |
| Amphotericin B (Fungizone) |
| Reserved for antimony failures |
| Dosage: 0.5 to 1.0 mg per kg every other day for up to eight weeks; total dosage is 1.5 to 2 g for the treatment period |
| Pentamidine isethionate (Pentam 300) |
| Dosage: 2 mg per kg intramuscularly every other day for seven days |
| Toxic effects: damage to pancreas, kidney, or bone marrow may be irreversible |
| May induce diabetes mellitus |
| Others |
| Topical paromomycin is effective with L. major and L. mexicana. It can be combined with antimonials to reduce the number of injections. |
| Oral antifungals have demonstrated conflicting results, although some good results have been achieved with L. mexicana19 and L. major.18 |
| Allopurinol (Zyloprim) incorporates into parasite RNA with lethal effect. Studies are conflicting, and it is not recommended, although there is synergistic activity with antimonials.11–14 |
| Heat15–16 and cryotherapy17 show good results in uncontrolled trials. |
| Excision is not recommended because of the high risk of local relapse and disfiguration. |