Diastolic dysfunction | Normal myocardial contractility, left ventricular volume, and ejection fraction; impaired myocardial relaxation; diminished early diastolic filling |
Systolic dysfunction | Absolute or relative impairment of myocardial contractility, low ejection fraction |
| High output heart failure | Bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, accentuated heart sounds, peripheral vasodilatation, increased cardiac output and ejection fraction, moderate four-chamber enlargement |
| Low cardiac output syndrome | Fatigue, loss of lean body mass, prerenal azotemia, peripheral vasoconstriction, reduced left or right contractility |
| Right heart failure | Dependent edema, jugular venous distention, right atrial and ventricular dilatation, reduced right-sided contractility |
| Left heart failure | Dyspnea, pulmonary vascular congestion, reduced left-sided contractility |
| Biventricular failure | Dyspnea, dependent edema, jugular venous distention, pulmonary vascular congestion, bilateral reduced contractility |