| Vital signs |
| Elevated temperature | Possible infection |
| Blood pressure | Hypertension: nephrotic syndrome, malignant hypertension |
| Hypotension: volume depletion, sepsis |
| Weight loss or gain | Hypovolemia, hypervolemia |
| Mouth | Dehydration |
| Jugular veins and axillae (perspiration) | Hypovolemia, hypervolemia |
| Pulmonary system | Signs of heart failure |
| Heart | New murmur of endocarditis, signs of heart failure |
| Abdomen | Bladder distention suggesting urethral obstruction |
| Pelvis | Pelvic mass |
| Rectum | Enlarged prostate |
| Skin | Rash of interstitial nephritis, purpura of microvascular disease, livedo reticularis suggestive of atheroembolic disease, splinter hemorrhages or Osler’s nodes of endocarditis |