Patients with hyperkalemia who have electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, a rapid rate of rise of serum potassium, decreased renal function, or significant acidosis should be urgently treated. | C | 23 |
Patients with hyperkalemia and characteristic ECG changes should be given intravenous calcium gluconate. | C | 1–3,27 |
Acutely lower potassium by giving intravenous insulin with glucose, a beta2 agonist by nebulizer, or both. | C | 2,3,30 |
Total body potassium should usually be lowered with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). | C | 2,3,23 |