| Alpha-adrenergic agonists |
| Apraclonidine (Iopidine), brimonidine (Alphagan) | Decrease aqueous humor production | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: contraindicated because of hypertensive urgency or emergency | Not studied in persons with hepatic or renal impairment |
| Beta-adrenergic antagonists |
| Betaxolol (Betoptic), carteolol, levobunolol (Betagan), metipranolol (Optipranolol), timolol (Betimol) | Decrease aqueous humor production | Calcium antagonists and digitalis: prolong atrioventricular conduction time | Asthma, cardiac conduction abnormalities, heart failure |
| | Oral beta antagonists: hypotension and bradycardia | |
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
| Brinzolamide (Azopt), dorzolamide (Trusopt Ocumeter) | Decrease aqueous humor production | No significant interactions reported | Sulfonamides: potential for Stevens-Johnson syndrome |
| Parasympathomimetics |
| Carbachol (Isopto Carbachol), pilocarpine | Increase aqueous humor outflow | Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: unconfirmed reports of rendering carbachol ineffective | Gastric or urinary tract obstruction, peptic ulcer disease, asthma |
| | | Do not use in retinal disease |
| Prostaglandin analogues |
| Latanoprost (Xalatan), travoprost (Travatan), bimatoprost (Lumigan) | Increase aqueous humor outflow | Thimerosal: precipitation of latanoprost | Intraocular inflammation, macular edema |
| Sympathomimetics |
| Dipivefrin (Propine), epinephrine | Decrease aqueous humor production and increase aqueous humor outflow | Levothyroxine, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants: potential for systemic interaction with increased pressor response | Hypertension, coronary artery disease, known arrhythmia, diabetes, asthma (epinephrine) |
| | | Systemic effects rare with dipivefrin |