Test	Other names	Positioning	Positive findings	Differential diagnosis
Gait testing (C sign, Figure 1A; gait analysis, Figure 1B)	—	Standing	Antalgic gait, Trendelenburg gait, pelvic wink (rotation of more than 40 degrees in the axial plane toward the affected hip when terminally extending the hip), excessive pronation or supination of the ankles, and limps caused by differing leg lengths	Hip labral tear, transient synovitis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, SCFE
Modified Trendelenburg test (Figure 1C)	Single leg stance phase	Standing	2-cm drop in the level of the iliac crest, indicating weakness on the contralateral side	Hip labral tear, transient synovitis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, SCFE
ROM testing (Figure 2)	—	Supine, lateral, or sitting	Pain with passive ROM, limited ROM	Pain with passive ROM: Transient synovitis, septic arthritis
				Limited ROM: Loose bodies, chondral lesions, osteoarthritis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, osteonecrosis
FABER test (Figure 3)	Patrick test	Supine	Posterior pain localized to the sacroiliac joint, lumbar spine, or posterior hip; groin pain with the test is sensitive for intra-articular pathology	Hip labral tear, loose bodies, chondral lesions, femoral acetabular impingement, osteoarthritis, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, iliopsoas bursitis
FADIR test (Figure 4)	Impingement test	Supine	Pain	Hip labral tear, loose bodies, chondral lesions, femoral acetabular impingement
Log roll test (Figure 5)	Passive supine rotation, Freiberg test	Supine	Restricted movement, pain	Piriformis syndrome, SCFE
Straight leg raise against resistance test (Figure 6)	Stinchfield test	Supine	Weakness to resistance, pain	Athletic pubalgia (sports hernia), SCFE, femoral acetabular impingement
Ober test (eFigure B)	Passive adduction	Lateral	Passive adduction past midline cannot be achieved	External snapping hip, greater trochanteric pain syndrome