Clinical question	Bottom-line answer
10. Is FIT an effective method of screening for colorectal cancer?16	Regular FIT is an effective screening method for colorectal cancer. Screening with FIT every other year for at least six years identified fewer cancers or advanced adenomas initially but surpassed a single sigmoidoscopy after three rounds of testing. The increased detection might be in part due to greater participation in FIT than sigmoidoscopy.
11. Which over-the-counter products are effective in treating chronic constipation?17	Polyethylene glycol (Miralax) and senna are the best initial treatments for chronic constipation. In this limited systematic review without formal data synthesis, the authors concluded there is good evidence to recommend polyethylene glycol or senna as first-line therapy and moderate evidence to support fiber supplements, other stimulant laxatives, magnesium-based products, and fruit-based products.
12. Which patients with vague abdominal symptoms should be referred for further workup?18	Dysphagia, changes in bowel habits, and rectal bleeding are the most worrisome abdominal symptoms for cancer or IBD. Using a cutoff of 3% risk (from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence), dysphagia or changes in bowel habits in men and rectal bleeding in women should prompt referral for further workup to exclude cancer or IBD. In addition, abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, or dyspepsia in patients older than 60 years should be investigated because they predict cancer or IBD in more than 3% of men and women.