Diagnosis	Symptoms	Physical examination findings	Diagnostic studies
Asthma	Respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea improve with administration of inhalation therapies	Elevated respiratory rate or heart rate, low oxygen saturation, nasal flaring, prolonged expiratory phase, retractions, wheezing	Pulmonary function testing
Cardiac arrhythmias and valvular heart disease	Dyspnea on exertion, palpitations, shortness of breath, sweating	Cardiac murmur, cyanosis, diaphoresis, elevated or low heart rate or blood pressure, irregular rhythm, low oxygen saturation	Echocardiography, electrocardiography, Holter monitor
Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia	Headache, lethargy, lightheadedness, nausea, palpitations, polydipsia, polyuria, sweating	Altered level of consciousness, ataxia, diaphoresis, elevated respiratory rate or heart rate, slurred speech, tremor	A1C level, fingerstick glucose, serum glucose
Hyperthyroidism	Dry eyes, fatigue, heat intolerance, irregular menses, palpitations, thinning hair, unintentional weight loss, weakness	Arrhythmia, diaphoresis, elevated heart rate, enlarged or nodular thyroid gland, fine or brittle hair, proptosis, tremor	Radioiodine uptake test, thyroid function tests, thyroid scan, thyroid ultrasonography
Lead poisoning	Abdominal pain, constipation, fatigue, headache, hearing loss, learning and behavioral difficulties, nausea, pica, vomiting, weight loss	Burton line, developmental delay, foot or wrist drop, lethargy, peripheral neuropathy, tremor	Serum lead level
Medication adverse effects	Medication ingestion, started a new medication or had a recent change in dose; medication-specific adverse effects occur in addition to anxiety symptoms	Medication-specific toxicity syndromes	Complete metabolic panel, creatine kinase, specific drug levels, urine drug screen
Migraine	Abdominal pain, headache, headache with aura, light or sound sensitivity, loss of appetite, nausea or vomiting	Normal neurologic and ophthalmologic examination	Rarely performed because diagnosis is made by history and physical examination findings
Pheochromocytoma	Abdominal or back pain, blurred vision, constipation, headache, palpitations, sweating, weight loss	Diaphoresis, elevated blood pressure and heart rate, papilledema	24-hour urine catecholamines, plasma-fractionated metanephrines
Substance use effect (e.g., alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, opioid withdrawal, sedatives, stimulant intoxication)	Body aches, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting; anxiety symptoms present only in the context of substance use or withdrawal	Diaphoresis, elevated blood pressure and heart rate, elevated temperature, piloerection, pupillary dilation, restlessness, tremor	Complete metabolic panel, creatine kinase, urine drug screen
Systemic lupus erythematosus	Abdominal pain, chest pain, concentration and memory impairment, fatigue, fever, hair loss, headaches, joint pain, light sensitivity, rash, weight loss	Alopecia, cardiac friction rub, discoid rash, joint swelling, malar rash, painless oral lesions, proximal muscle weakness	Antinuclear antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-SS-A antibodies, blood urea nitrogen–creatinine ratio, complete blood count, electrolytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, liver enzymes, urinalysis