Am Fam Physician. 2024;110(3):318-319
Author disclosure: No relevant financial relationships.
KEY POINTS FOR PRACTICE
• Hearing testing is recommended when otitis media with effusion is diagnosed.
• Autoinflation with a device such as a nasal balloon can provide short-term improvement in hearing.
• Surgical repair with tympanostomy tubes and adenoidectomy can provide reduction in otitis media with effusion; tympanostomy tubes lead to short-term improvement in children with hearing loss.
From the AFP Editors
Otitis media with effusion, a common condition in early childhood, is characterized by accumulation of fluid in the middle ear space without signs of an infection. Sometimes asymptomatic, otitis media with effusion can cause fluctuating or persistent hearing loss, which can affect learning, behavior, confidence, and long-term auditory functioning. The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) released guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of otitis media with effusion.
DIAGNOSIS
Symptoms
Children who have otitis media with effusion most often present with symptoms that may include ear discomfort, hearing difficulties, tinnitus, or delayed speech or language development. Behavioral issues such as lack of concentration or attention can be present. Children who have otitis media with effusion may appear withdrawn or irritable and may have poor school performance. Some children may have associated balance difficulties and appear clumsy.
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