Am Fam Physician. 2025;111(1):online
Author disclosure: No relevant financial relationships.
DETAILS FOR THIS REVIEW
Study Population: 15,412 adult patients (older than 40 years) in four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with stable, symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; most with a COPD Assessment Test score of 10 or higher), as defined by the international Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) or American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines1
Efficacy End Points: Primary outcomes: acute COPD exacerbations, respiratory health–related quality of life; secondary outcomes: respiratory symptom score, lung function (pulmonary function testing), all-cause mortality
Harm End Points: Pneumonia; all-cause serious adverse events
| Triple therapy (LABA-LAMA-inhaled corticosteroid) compared with combination therapy (LABA-LAMA) |
| Benefits |
| 1 in 15 had improved respiratory quality of life |
| 1 in 167 had improved reduced mortality |
| Harms |
| 1 in 71 developed pneumonia |
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