Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester is a common concern during pregnancy. The amount of bleeding and associated symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, can be of prognostic value. Timely evaluation with vital signs, physical examination, laboratory tests (eg, Rh factor,...
Two screening approaches are used to detect gestational diabetes, the 1-step and 2-step methods. The 1-step method is diagnostic and consists of a 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The 2-step method consists of a 50-g, 1-hour glucose challenge test, followed by...
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as an ultrasound (US)-determined estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference less than the 10th percentile according to a population level reference curve. FGR affects up to 10% of pregnancies. Fetuses with FGR are at increased...
Patients at increased risk of stillbirth should be assessed with antepartum fetal surveillance (AFS) tests at regular intervals. In general, AFS should begin at the gestational age at which delivery would be considered. Most surveillance tests are performed weekly, but more...
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