These key learning points summarize the consensus- and evidence-based recommendations included in this edition. The sources listed here for each statement recommend that physicians perform or implement these actions directly in a clinical setting.

1. In evaluating newborns with suspected developmental dysplasia of the hip, gently perform the Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers. If the Barlow maneuver is performed, no posterior-directed force should be applied.
Evidence rating: SORT B
Source: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), reference 47
Website: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/138/6/e20163107/52541/

2. Do not perform routine radiologic evaluation of the cervical spine for atlantoaxial instability (AAI) in children ages 1 to 5 years with Down syndrome without symptoms of AAI.
Evidence rating: SORT B
Source: AAP, reference 92
Website: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/149/5/e2022057010/186778/

3. Educate caregivers of infants with achondroplasia with information and training on proper positioning and handling to avoid incidental positional car seat–related deaths.
Evidence rating: SORT C
Source: Nat Rev Endocrinol, reference 95
Website: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-021-00595-x