These key learning points summarize the consensus- and evidence-based recommendations included in this edition. The sources listed here for each statement recommend that physicians perform or implement these actions directly in a clinical setting.

1. Refer newborns, infants, and children with a murmur, cardiac symptoms, or characteristics of a pathologic murmur to a pediatric cardiologist.
Strength of Recommendation: C
Source: Ford B, Sebastian L. Heart murmurs in children: evaluation and management. Am Fam Physician. 2022;105(2):251-261.

2. Consider referring infants with a persistent murmur to a pediatric cardiologist.
Strength of Recommendation: C
Source: Ford B, Sebastian L. Heart murmurs in children: evaluation and management. Am Fam Physician. 2022;105(2):251-261.

3. Screen adolescent and college athletes for cardiovascular abnormalities with a questionnaire and physical examination.
Strength of Recommendation: B
Sources: Bernhardt DT, Roberts WO, eds. PPE Preparticipation Physical Evaluation. 5th ed. American Academy of Pediatrics. 2019.
Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Ackerman MJ, et al. Recommendations and considerations related to preparticipation screening for cardiovascular abnormalities in competitive athletes: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2007;115(12):1643-1655.