DETAILS FOR THIS REVIEW

Study Population: 53 studies (majority parallel randomized controlled trials, including several multinational [more than 30 countries] and multicenter studies), with a total of 65,241 adults with all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD; no studies included individuals on dialysis) and types 1 or 2 diabetes were included in this Cochrane review.^1,2 Studies evaluating treatment in individuals with a history of kidney transplant, gestational diabetes, obesity without diabetes, and prediabetes were excluded

Efficacy End Points: Primary: all-cause death; cardiovascular death; 3-point (3P; comprising cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction) and 4-point (4P; comprising 3P plus heart failure hospitalization) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE); fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction; fatal or non-fatal stroke; and kidney failure (estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR] less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m² or kidney replacement therapy with dialysis or kidney transplant)