WHAT IS A BONE STRESS INJURY?

Bone stress injuries happen when bones get damaged from too much use. They can sometimes lead to fractures. They differ from traditional broken bones that happen after trauma, such as a fall. They are most common in the bones of your leg.

WHAT CAUSES IT?

Bone is a living structure, continually breaking down older parts and replacing it with new bone. With the right training, bone can grow stronger.

Bone stress injuries happen after repeated overload of bone without enough healing time. This often happens with sudden increases in exercise intensity or frequency. They may also occur in bone that is weaker, such as in people who have osteoporosis.

Over time, this repeated stress can cause damage to the bone. If it's not treated, it can turn into a complete fracture.

WHO IS AT RISK?

Anyone can develop a bone stress injury with overuse. Athletes and military recruits, with people who have had previous bone stress injuries, poor nutrition, and certain medical conditions can be at higher risk. They are more common in female athletes than male athletes.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

Common symptoms include localized pain, tenderness to touch, swelling, and discomfort during or after activity.

Pain often decreases with rest, but it may return when activity is resumed. If the injury isn't treated, your symptoms can get worse and affect your activity level or it can become painful even at rest.

HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED?

Your doctor may order an x-ray, an imaging test that takes a picture of your bone, to look for an injury. Sometimes other imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI are needed.

HOW IS IT TREATED?

Treatment usually involves rest, not putting weight on the injury, and limiting some activities to allow the bone to heal. Your doctor might recommend treatment for pain and assistive devices like crutches. You may also need a boot or cast to keep the injured part from moving. Physical therapy and a gradual return to activity are also helpful.

HOW CAN I PREVENT IT?

Preventing bone stress injuries involves:

1. Gradual progression: Increase activity levels slowly, especially if you are new to exercise or are changing your routine.

2. Proper footwear: Wear well-fitting shoes appropriate for your activity and foot type.

3. Nutrition: Make sure to get enough calories and eat a balanced diet with calcium and vitamin D for strong bones.

4. Rest and recovery: Allow your body enough time to recover between workouts.

5. Cross-training: Mix different types of activities to prevent overuse of specific muscles and bones.