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These key learning points summarize the consensus- and evidence-based recommendations included in this edition. The sources listed here for each statement recommend that physicians perform or implement these actions directly in a clinical setting.

1. Refer all men and postmenopausal women with iron deficiency anemia for bidirectional endoscopic evaluation to assess for occult bleeding and malignancy.
Strength of Evidence: SORT B
Source: Clin Med (Lond), reference 19
Website: https://www.rcpjournals.org/content/clinmedicine/18/3/242

2. Treat patients with antepartum severe iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin level less than 9.0 g/dL) or postpartum moderately severe or severe iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin level less than 8.5-9.5 g/dL or 8.5 g/dL, respectively) with intravenous iron.
Strength of Evidence: SORT B
Source: Arch Gynecol Obstet, reference 71
Website: https://boris.unibe.ch/110881/

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